Relevance of Retinal Thickness Changes in the OCT Inner and Outer Rings to Predict Progression to Clinical Macular Edema: An Attempt of Composite Grading of Macular Edema

PURPOSE: To characterize the relevance of macular thickness changes in the inner and outer rings in the progression of macular edema in eyes/patients with diabetes type 2.

METHODS: A total of 374 type 2 diabetic patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (ETDRS levels 20-35) were included in a 12-month prospective observational study to identify retinopathy progression. Retinal thickness analyses were performed in 194 eyes/patients using Cirrus SD- OCT and 166 eyes/patients using Spectralis SD-OCT. The DRCR.net classification of subclinical and clinical macular edema was used. A composite grading of macular edema is proposed in this study.

RESULTS: A total of 317 eyes/patients completed the study. SD-OCT identified clinical macular edema in 24 eyes/patients (6.7%) and subclinical macular edema in 104 eyes/patients (28.9%) at baseline. Increased thickness of the central subfield is the best predictor for the development of clinical macular edema, with 85.7% sensitivity and 71.9% specificity (OR: 2.57, 95% CI: 0.82-7.99). However, the involvement of the inner and outer rings is a cumulative predictor of progression to clinical macular edema (OR: 8.69, 95% CI: 2.85-26.52).

CONCLUSIONS: A composite OCT grading of macular edema taking into account the retinal thickness changes in the inner and outer macular rings offers a simple way to characterize macular edema, with added clinical value.