Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the inter-examiner variability and agreement of the alternate prism cover test (APCT) measurements of strabismus at near and distance fixation performed by 4 examiners.
METHODS: Forty-one participants (median age 12 years, range 3-74) with horizontal strabismus completed APCT measurements at near (1/3 m) and distance (5 m) fixation. Each participant was assessed by 4 masked experienced orthoptists on the same visit. Bland-Altman plots and inter-examiner variability (1.96xSD of the difference) were used to determine a clinical value suggestive of real change.
RESULTS: The inter-examiner variability was ±10 prism diopters (PD) at near and ±9 PD at distance fixation. The mean difference between measurements per examiner pair for near fixation ranged between -3 and 1.5 PD, with inter-examiner variability ranging between ±6.9 and ±12.5 PD, and mean difference for distance fixation between -0.8 and 1.6 PD, with inter-examiner variability ranging between ±7.5 and ±11.7 PD. Larger variability was found between some examiner pairs than others. Magnitude of the deviation, test distance, and age had no significant influence on the variation in APCT measurement.
CONCLUSION: A variation in APCT measurement between 4 examiners of less than 10 PD for both near and distance fixation is likely to be due to inter-examiner variability. Changes of 10 PD or more are suggestive of a real change and may be employed as a management threshold.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 158-66 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Strabismus |
| Volume | 22 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2014 |
Keywords
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Female
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Observer Variation
- Orthoptics
- Reproducibility of Results
- Strabismus/diagnosis
- Vision Tests/standards